Network Evolution

                                                 

 THE EARLY HISTORY 

Wire based communication is not a big wonder to the world today,since it been used even in the early 18^th century.According to Wikipedia,the first successful trans-Atlantic telegraph cable was laid in 1865.Aregular transatlantic radiotelegraph service finally began in 1907.To make matters more complicated,100 years later-on 27^th January 2006,the world last telegraph message was sent by Western Union,making the network nearly obsolete from practical use .Packet s switching network communication idea seeded in the 1940s,with the conversion of regular telephone network into digital lines.Advance Research Project Agency (ARPA) started working on a so called ‘inter-galactic” network in 1962,and this was the first attempt to establish a sustainable Wide Area Network for communication purpose.

                                                                ARPAnet   

ARPA launched its first successful long distance packetswitching communication network in 1969 with the name ARPAnet. It consisted of four universities, which interconnected the researchers working on the project at the time. In the initial communication of ARPAnet, sending only the  world “login” to the other end took almost an hour. Even yet ,it is a fact that ARPAnet was the predecessor of the internet and the research was a huge success,compared to the technology they had at the time.By 1973, 75% of the ARPAnet traffic was email and in 1973,File Transfer Protocol (FTP) was introduced ,enabling uploading and downloading of files.

                                                TCP/IP protocol suits

TCP/IP is a layered protocol stack that provides reliability and simplicity in data communication. ARPA started research in 1970s,looking at means reducing network to the bare minimum,while simultaheously joining almost any network. Internet Protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) should work together to have dependable communication.The version 4 of the procotol was standardized in 1978 with high-stability-the underlying standard protocol used even today in the internet.

                                                          ETHERNET

Apart from the development of Internet,there were other experiments to develop Local Area Network (LAN) communication.
Challenging other networking standard like Token-Ring, Ethernet holds the medal to be the standard protocol for LAN communication, due to its speed and reliability .Ethernet provides staggering 10 gigabits per second speed,known as 10G Ethernet is still an emerging technology,and remains to receive commercial acceptance.

                                      

WORLD WIDE WEB

In year 1993,Sir Tim Berners Lee inverted the roadway for multimedia global information-a highway over the World Wibe Web. Fortunately for us, he made the entire technology royalty-free,making it accessible at no cost for anyone.Scholar agree that this was one of the biggest turning points in computing related network communications in recent history.The world Wide Web is global information medium which users can read and write via computers connected to the internet.

Timeline of World Wide Web 
1980–1991: Development of the World Wide Web
1992–1995: Growth of the WWW
1996–1998: Commercialization of the WWW
1999–2001: "Dot-com" boom and bust

2002–present: The Web becomes ubiquitous

How Does The Internet Work

Communication Evolution

 Sign and Symbol 

 Cave painting 

Cave paintings are paintings found on cave walls and ceilings, and especially refer to those of prehistoric origin.First found in Europe in 40000 year ago.Some theories hold that cave paintings may have been a way of communicating with others, while other theories ascribe a religious or ceremonial purpose to them.The oldest known symbols created with the purpose of communication through time are the cave paintings.

Smoke Signals

In 200BC the first saw the use of smoke signals as a form of communication in China. In this way, they were able to transmit a message as far away as 750 kilometres in just a few hours.In India, they use the smoke signal to show the sign of enemy. One short puff indicated the presence of an enemy group. If the signals were quickly repeated, it was a sign that the enemy was numerous and well armed.In general smoke signals are used to transmit news, signal danger, or gather people to a common area.

Drum

Drums are used for communication in central Africa in 6000 BC.These messages could actually travel up to 100mph.A word can have completely different meanings, depending on the intonation. That intonation relies on high/low tones. These tones can easily be duplicated by the drums.

The drum that use in communication

 Letter 

Letters have existed from the time of ancient India, ancient Egypt and Sumer, through Rome, Greece and China, up to the present days. A letter is a written message from one party to another containing information. Letters have been sent since around 7th or 8th centuries B.C. As communication technology has diversified, posted letters have become less important as a routine form of communication. For example, the development of the telegraph drastically shortened the time taken to send a communication, by sending it between distant points as an electrical signal.

 Telegraph 

Samuel Morse along with two physicists Joseph Henry and Alfred Vail who developed the first fully fledged electrical telegraph system.Telegraph is the long-distance transmission of textual opposed to verbal or audio) messages without the physical exchange of an object bearing the message.In the 19th century, the harnessing of electricity brought about the means to transmit signals via electrical telegraph. The advent of radio in the early 1900s brought about radiotelegraphy and other forms of wireless telegraphy. In the Internet age, telegraphic means developed greatly in sophistication and ease of use, with natural language interfaces that hide the underlying code, allowing such technologies as electronic mail and instant messaging.

 Telephone Call 

First patented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell and further developed by many other,the telephone was the first device in history that enabled people to talk directly with each other across large distances.A telephone is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conservation.Telephone converts sound,typically and most efficiently the human voice into electronic signals suitable for transmission via cables or other transmission media over long distances, and replays such signals simultaneously in audible from to its user.The word telephone has been adapted into the vocabulary of many languages.

 The first generation of Telephone

 Email Online 

Since 1993,email is a method of communication for exchanging digital messages.Modern email operates across the internet or other computer network.Some early email systems required that the author and the recipient both be online at the same time,in common with instant messaging.Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model.Email servers accept,forward,deliver and store messages.

 Mobile phone 

Motorola is the first company to produce the mobile phone.The first mobile phone was demonstrated in 1973,using a handset weighing around 2.2 pounds (1kg).In 1983,the DynaTac 8000x was be commercially available.Mobile phones are used for variety of purposes,including keeping in touch with family members,conducting business,and having access to a telephone in the event of an emergency.

DynaTac 8000x

The First of smartphone is IBM Simon.

In 1992,Simon was introduced many of the modern features.The Simon included a calender,address book,fax modem,calculator,notepad,an email app and simple games.It also had a completely touch-screen.

IBM Simon : The first Smartphone

Today Smartphone.

More advanced computing capability and connectivity than a common phone.Many function such as GPS,media player,digital camera,video camera,high-resolution touchscreen and web browsers.The mobile operating systems (OS) used by modern smartphone include Google's Android,Apple's iOS,Symbian,Microsoft's Windows Phone and others.

The example of Smartphone today.

 Social Networking. 

• In 2002, the launch of Friendster.
• In 2003, Myspace was launched.
• In 2004, Facebook was launched in Harvard-only exercise and remained a campus-oriented site before finally opening to the general public in 2006.
• In 2006,twitter was launched.
• In 2011 Google decided to launch their own social network Google+.

Social networking is now easier than ever to keep in contact with ald friends and it a new and interesting communication method.

The video about Communication Evolution